The Ilyushin Il-78 (Russian: Илью́шин Ил-78; NATO reporting name Midas) is a Soviet/Russian four-engined aerial refueling tanker based on the Il-76 strategic airlifter.
 
Entering service in 1987 the IL-78 was the first dedicated purpose built refueling aircraft developed by the Soviet Union. Previous models being based on existing bombers and deemed insufficient for permanent use as tankers.